Tape recorder



Aug. 10, 1965 E. J. POLLEY ETAL TAPE RECORDER 8 Sheets-Sheet l Original Filed July 10, 1961 ATTO EY Aug- 10, 1955 E. J. PoLLEY ETAL 3,199,802

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United States Patent O 3,1992 TAPE RECGRDER Eugene 5. Poiiey, Lombard, and Richard L. `Rost, Barrington, Ill., assignors to Zenith Radio Corporation, Chicago, Iii., a corporation of Delaware @riginal application duly iti, 1961, Ser. No. 122,93. Divided and this appiication Sept. 3, 1963, Ser. No. 365,988

2 Ciaims. (Cl. 242 SS.13)

This invention relates to recording and reproducing devices. More specically, it relates to apparatus for automatically playing one or a plurality of record-bearing members, such as tapes, each respectively housed in a separate cartridge. This application is a division of the cop-ending application of Eugene I. Polley et al., Serial No. 122,930, now Fatent No. 3,105,646 ied Iuly 10, 1961 for Tape Recorder, and assigned to the same assignee as the present application.

rI`here are numerous types of recording and reproducing equipment available and they may be readily divided into two basic classes. In the first class there are those deices which employ two interchangeable reels and have a transport mechanism which moves the record, be it tape or wire, from reel to reel. In the second class there are those devices which employ magazines containing the records. The simplest of devices of the latter class employs a cartridge containing both a supply reel having the record wound thereon and a take-up reel for receiving the record as it is being played. A preferred device of the magazine type utilizes cartridges, individually having a record wound upon a supply reel therein, in conjunction with a single take-up reel serving all cartridges that are piaye Almost all of the machines which utilize the reel to reel transport mechanism require that the operator thread the tape through the transport mechanism and rewind the tape after it has been played. Furthermore, most of the machines will only accept one reel at a time. After a reel has been played it must be rewound, removed, and a new reel inserted and threaded through the machine.

The machines that use the two-reel type cartridge eli.A inate some of the problems of the reel to reel type machine, but the cartridge must be revvound by the operator or played in the reverse directed to get back to the begirming of the first selection on the tape. Each cartridge must be removed from the machine after playing and a new cartridge inserted. Moreover, cartridges containing two reels are necessarily large and are cumbersome to handle and store.

With the development of a recording cartridge containing only a supply reel which is approximately the size of a folded handkerchief, it has been possible to construct a recording and reproducing device for such cartridges which eliminates many of the previously mentioned undesirable characteristics of prior recording apparatus.

In the copending applications of Richard G. Schmid, Serial No. 122,929, now Patent No. 3,136,464 Ralph W. Galke et al, Serial No. 122,715, Richard L. Rost, Serial No. 122,916, now Patent No. 3,105,645, Maurice E. dardy, Serial No. 122,934 and Maurice E. I-Iardy et al., Serial No. 122,933, now Patent No. 3,107,835 all iiled concurrently with the above-mentioned parent application Serial No. 122,930, now Patent No. 3,105,646 and assigned to the same assignee as the present invention, there are described and claimed devices and apparatus which are closely related to the present invention.

It is a general object of the present invention to develop apparatus which overcomes or minimizes the aforenoted deficiencies and disadvantages of prior recording and reproducing apparatus.

Fatented Aug. IQ, i965 It is a further object of this invention to provide a new tape driving mechanism which employs a novel pressure roller loading device to eiect the transportation of tape.

Still another object of tm's invention is to provide tape recording apparatus which is both inexpensive to manufacture and utilizes a minimum number of cornponents.

In accordance with the invention, the winding apparatus for transporting a continuous iiexible tape from a iirst reel to a second eel employs a driving system Winch features a novel structure for positioning a pressure roller to effect movement of the tape. The apparatus comprises a transport mechanism including a capstan for moving the tape between the reels, a pivotally supported lever having iirst and second cam portions and a pressure roller assembly comprising a pliant roller rotatably mounted on the lever and having a rest position in which the roller is spaced from the capstan but displaceable to an operating position in which the roller is contiguous the capstan to eifect transport of the tape by the capstan. rEhe apparatus further comprises cam follower means cooperating with the rst cam surface for moving the assembly from its rest position toward its operating position with a force of a rst magnitude and cooperating with the second cam surface for maintaining the assembiy in its operating position under the infiuence of a second force of a magnitude substantially greater than the i rst force whereby damage incident to moving the assembly from its rest to its operating position is prevented.

The features of this invention which are believed to be novel are set forth with particuiarity in the appended claims. The invention, together with further objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood, however, by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in the several figures of which like reference numerals identify like elements, and in which:

FIGURE 1 is' a plan view of the apparatus of the present invention;

FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of a cartridge of the type preferably employed with the apparatus of FIG- URE l;

FIGURE 3 is a perspective view of a braking device housed Within the cartridge of FIGURE 2;

FIGURE 4 is a cross-sectional View taken along lines 4 4 of FIGURE l;

FIGURE 5 is a cross-sectional View taken along lines 5 5 of FIGURE 4;

FIGURE 6 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along lines 6 6 of FIGURE 5;

FIGURE 7 is a fragmentary perspective view of the apparatus shown in the plan view of FIGURE 1;

FIIGURE S is a crosssectional View taken along lines 3 8 of FIGURE 7;

vFIGURE 9 is a plan view showing the rotated position of the feed mechanism of FIGURE 8;

FIGURE i0 is a framgentary perspective view partly in section of the extractor housing of FIGURE 1 with the extractor positioned therein;

FIGURE 1l is a partial cross-sectional View taken Iii-11 of FIGURE l;

FIGURE 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 12 12 of FIGURE 11;

FIGURE 13 shows three typical positions of a portion of the sensing mechanism shown in FIGURE 11;

FIGURE 14 is a fragmentary perspective View of the reset and sensing mechanism of FIGURE 11;

FIGURE 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 15 15 of FIGURE 14; and

FIGURE 16 is a schematic diagram of the circuitry of 3 the instrument except for the signal reproducing system which is connected to the transcribing head.

The apparatus of FIGURE l may be .sed for transcribing tape, wire or other flexible recording media but, as illustrated1 is employed for recording and reproducing on tape. The arrangement is a tape decl; or transport which has, as major component parts, one or more cartridges of tape, a storage bin 31 for accommodating such cartridges and a feeding mechanism 3S to prese-nt the cartridges seriatim to a playing position, a take-11p arrangement including a reel 32 through which tape is presented in coupling or reading relation to a magnetic transducer head 33, a driving system to effect winding of the tape as between the supply and take-up eels, and a programming arrangement through which theI several functions are properly correlated in a playing cycle. For convenience these major components will be considered individually and in the recited order after which a rsum of the overall operation will be given.

T ape cartridge The tape cartridge 3@ may take any of a variety of 'specifically ditfreent configurations, a suitable one being represented in FIGURE 2. In addition to being a vehicle for program tape, the cartridge is to satisfy other irnportant requirements. Since it is contemplated that the machine may accommodate one or a series of cartridges within storage bin 3l, the abutting or contiguous sup faces of successive cartridges arranged in a stack should preferably rhave provisions to facilitate their nesting with respect to one another in a stable stack. It is further desirable that the cartridge be formed to facilitate the sequential feed of a group of cartridges to a playing position within bin 31 and additionally it is preferred that the cartridge have a brake which precludes the unwinding of the tape when the cartridge is stored.

As represented, the cartridge is formed of a pair of essentially rectangular rigid plates with a peripheral flange of such depth that the plates, superposed with their flanges in meeting engagement, dene a cavity to accommodate the desired number of convolutions of a magnetic tape of a specified width. Machine screws may retain the plates in assembled relation. The projections 34 on the top surface of one cartridge face may be received by complementary recesses in the bottom surface of a like cartridge stacked on top of that illustrated in order to achieve an interlocking of the cartridges in a stack. The cartridge plates have a formed section at one side to define a shelf 35 which adapts the cartridge to a sequential feed mechanism presently to be considered. For balancing purposes, a generally similar shelf 36 is formed in the diametrically opposite portion of the cartridge. Each of the plates of the cartridge has a centrally located aperture; aperture 37 of one plate is larger than aperture 41 of the other as shown more clearly in FIGURE 5. A hub 42 is interposed between the plates with a reduced diameter section thereof received within aperture 37. The inner diameter of the hub corresponds to the diameter of plate aperture 41 and they collectively define a channelway for accepting a spindle assembly 43, that is, for permitting the cartridge to be threaded over .a spindle Within storage bin 31.

The hub 42 is rotatably supported within the cartridge and convolutions of the tape material are coiled thereabout. In order to afiix the inner end of the tape, hub 42 has a slot 44 leading to a hole 45. The innermost end of the tape may be inserted through the slot into the hole and locked in place by the insertion of a pin 46. The free end of the magnetic tape 47 terminates in a coupler 51 which appears clearly in FIGURE 2 Where, for purposes of illustration, a short section of tape t7 is shown Withdrawn from the contines of the cartridge. The coupler has a bifurcated configuration which defines a channelway 52 into which a mating coupler, hereinafter referred to as an extractor, may be inserted to coupler i tape Li7 to a take-up reel. Normally, the tape is completely confined within the cartridge with channelway 5;?. in alignment with a similar channelway 53 formed in the corner of the cartridge.

As illustrated in FEGURE 2, the inner periphery of hub 42 bears a series of formed slots or keyways 54 which are the means through which a mechanical driving connection may he completed to the hub from a driving spindle.

A braking mechanism is constructed Within the cartridge to the end that the Wound tape will not release or unwind; the details of the Vbrake are revealed in FIG- URES 3, 5 and 6. A portion of hub d2 is relieved or cut-away to accommodate the head 55 of a T-shaped locking element 56 which has a transverse section 57 and a channelway is formed in hub 42. through which section 5'/ projects as shown in FEGURE 2. A series of teeth 6l are formed in the locking element close to the meeting place of its sections 55 and 57 as shown in FIGURE 3. Element 56 is so held in hub 42 that these teeth normally engage with teeth formed on an inwardly projecting annular surface or flange 62 of one of the cartridge plates to lock the hub against rotation. However, by pushing on portion 57 of locking element 56 these teeth may `be disengaged and the hub released. The head portions 55 of the locking element are resilient so that during intervals in which the teeth are released portions 55 urge them back into locking engagement. The locking engagement of the teeth is released when the cartridge is mounted over a spindle such as that contained in storage bin 3l. The recess hub which houses locking element 55 may be provided with a cover plate (not shown) to keep assembly together.

Storage bin The storage bin is secured to deck 63 and is a generally rectangular cylinder dimensioned and formed to accept one or more cartridges 3() with the cartridges horizontally disposed as represented in FIGURE 4. The cylinder is open at the top and has a platform 64 disposed opposite that opening. The platform is normally slots, using them as guides for the platform movement.

It is appropriate to provide a lock out circuit which prevents the operation of the tape deck in the absence of a cartridge at the playing level Within bin 31. For that purpose, a switch operating lever 71 is supported on a side wall of the bin and urged into the path of travel of pin 67 by a spring 72 as shown in FIGURE 11. The switch lever is confined to a limited path of displacement by a pin and slot arrangement 73. A projection of lever 71 may abut an insulating projection atlixed to the movable blade of a switch pair 74. The free end of lever 71 is canted to constitute a cam surface in order that the lever may be actuated in accordance With the displacement of pin 67.

When the bin is empty and springs 65 displace platform 6d to its highest position Within the bin, pin 67 is positioned adjacent the tapered end of the lever 71 but is out of contact therewith because of the limited displacement permitted of this lever by pin and slot 73. When a single cartridge is inserted into the bin and depressed to the playing level, which causes platform 64 to be depressed a like amount, pin 67 rides over the wide end of the tapered termination of lever 71 displacing it to the position shown in FIGURE 11. This closes contact pair 74 and prepares the transport for operation at least so far as this switch pair is concerned.

The pin 67 operates lever 71 as just described and also displaces a cam lever '75, shown in FXGURE 1, to

accomplish automatic shut off in a manner to be explained hereinafter.

Spindle assembly ln addition to serving as a container for the cartridges, bin 31 accommodates a spindle assembly 43 through which the hub of the cartridge in the playing position may be driven. The spindle assembly has a sleeve portion 76 shown in FIGURES 4 and 5 which extends throughout most of the depth of the bin, passing through a centrally located aperture in platform 64 to permit axial movement of the platform relative to the spindle. 'Within sleeve 76 is a drive spindle 77 which carries a collar 73 near the bottom of the bin through which a driven clutch member Si is urged downwardly by a compression spring S2.

Stationary sleeve 76 is terminated at its upper end in a bearing S3 which has a centrally disposed aperture for receiving drive spindle 77. The upper surface of element 83 defines the general location of the playing position of cartridge within the storage bin. Disposed immediately above the bearing surface of element 33 is a collar 84 and a cap 5 is placed over this collar. The cap is connected to the end of drive spindle 77 through a machine screw $5 and its end is tapered to facilitate threading cartridges thereover. The periphery of collar 84 contiguous to end cap S5 has spaced opposed recesses S7 which receive a pair of depending drive lingers 3S extending downwardly from cap 85. This establishes a mechanical coupling from spindle 77 through cap 3S to collar Sd and slots 87 are slightly wider than drive fingers so that there is a relatively free driving connection between them. The obverse face of collar S4 is curved to rest on the bearing surface of element 84.

With this driving connection, cap tl' rotates collar and at the same time permits movement of the collar about its curved bottom surface in a plane substantially transverse to the rotational axis of the drive spindle which contributes a self-aligning feature and permits the mechanism to accommodate cartridges which may have imperfections that, in the absence of this freedom of transverse motion, would tend to bind and stall the machine. A coil spring 9i interposed within collar 84 and cap 8S urges the collar into coaxial alignment with spindle 77.

The described driving connection is extended from collar 84 to hub i2 of the cartridge instantaneously in the playing position by means of a pin 92 amxed to the collar and accepted by one of the slots 5d of the cartridge hub as shown in FGURE 6. if drive pin 92 is not in alignment with a slot in the cartridge hub at the moment the cartridge is fed to the playing position, the pin, which is of crescent shape as shown in FIGURE 7, recedes within collar Se against the bias of an annular spring 93 upon which the pin is supported. When it is desirable to extend the mechanical driv-ing connection to hub 42 of that particular cartridge, collar @e rotates until pin 92 comes into alignment with one of the slots 5d. At that time, it enters the slot and completes the mechanical connection.

Bin loading ln describing the loading of cartridges into the bin, it will be assumed initially that there are no cartridges therein and that platform 64 is in its uppermost position. The mounting aperture of the rst cartridge is slipped over cap of the spindle assembly and pushed downwardly. if the channelway 53 is al-igned with a rib 94 projecting into the bin as shown in FlGURE 7, the cartridge may be inserted further by pushing to overcome springs 65. Obviously, the insertion of the cartridge is blocked unless it is properly oriented with respect to rib 94. In the downward movement of the cartridge, the tapered shoulder of cap 35, immediately above driving collar 3d, cams locking element S7 radially outwardly to release the locking engagement 0f its teeth 6l With teeth 62 of the cartridge. Referring to FlGURE 4, as the cartridge is thus forced down over the spindle assembly, elements 9S and 96 which normally rest in the path of the cartridges yield, being deflected outwardly of the path by the passage of the cartridge itself. Once the cartridge has been inserted suihciently to place shelves 35 and 36 thereof beneath the level of stop abutments 95 and 96, respectively, the downward pressure on the cartridge may be relaxed because the cartridge will now be retained within the bin. It will be retained at the playing level by the influence of platform ed which urges the cartridge upwardly against the restraining effect of stop abutments 95 and 96 which overlie stop shoulders 35 and 36 once the cartridge has been inserted to a sufficient depth in the bin. A series of cartridges may be loaded in the same manner, stacked one upon another on the spindle assembly until as many as desired have been stored, up to the capacity of the bin. The cartridges will be accepted in the bin only in that orientation which locates their coupler termination di properly to achieve a coupling connection with the companion coupler or extractor When any stored cartridge is to be transcribed in a manner to be described ereinafter.

As indicated in FIGURE 4, there is an additional element 97 which may project into the bin to preclude adding cartridges to the supply. It is of course desirable to preclude adding cartridges during the time a particular cartridge is being transcribed. Lever 97 is controlled by a programming arrangement to be described subsequently yand rests under shelf 35 of the cartridge instantaneously in the playing position throughout its play. At other times, however, lever 97 is withdrawn so that the feeding of cartri ges may take place both into and out of the bin. Forex-ample, it is essential that lever 97 be retracted lduring a cartridge feed cycle and also during load or re- The sequential presentation of cartridges stored within bin 3l to the playing position thereof involves the retraction of stop abutments 9S and 96 to release the cartridge instantaneously in the playing position and, at the same time, 4the introduction of a third stop abutment lili into the feed path of the cartridges so that the stack has restricted movement, limited to advancing substantially only the thickness of one cartridge in each feed cycle. The mechanism for carrying out this process is shown in FIGURE 7 and also in the detail views of FGURES 8 4and 9. Initial consideration will be given to the assembly including stop abutments 95 and 101.

A post assembly 102 is secured to the frame or top plate 63 of the transport mechanism as a support for these stop abutments. At its upper surface it carries a T-shaped member 163 which has upstanding flange portions ltll at opposed ends of what is generally considered the horizontal portion of the T. These flanges are apertured to receive a stub shaft lilo' upon which are pivotally supported depending flanges of a stop plate 106. Post assembly 192 is mounted adjacent one side of bin 311 and stop abutment 95 constitutes a forwardly extending projection of member 106 which is normally disposed through an opening in the bin into the feed path of cartridges as clearly illustrated in FIGURE 8. An oppositely directed extension of member 103 accommodates an adjusting screw 167 and a spring 111 coiled about pivot shaft 1%' urges stop plate 1% in -a counterclockwise direction; its normal resting position is determined by the engagement of threaded pin 167 with member 163. The adjustment of pin 1?7, in controlling the position `of stop abutment 9S, restricts the upward movement of cartridges 3l? under the influence of the upwardly biased platform 6L.- and in this fashion locates the cartridges enaged by the stop abutment at the precise level for playmg.

Stop abutment 101, as shown most clearly in FIG- URE 9, comprises one tine of a bifurca-ted lever 112 lwhich is atlixed to a reduced diameter section of post assembly 102 so that rotation .of the lever effects rotation 4of the post assembly and with it stop abutments 95 and 1111. Lever 1112 is pivotally connected to a driving lever 113 which may -be actuated to oscillate lever 112 and post assembly 1112.

The bifurcation in lever 112 which makes room for the free end of abutment which, in loading of cartridges into the bin, is deflected out of the bin and into the plane of lever 112. Of course, if abutment 95 is short enough not to extend into the plane of lever 112, this bifurcation is not required. The location of lever 1:12 on post assembly 192 is selected to present stop abutment 161 at a level which is above shelf 36 of the cartridge immediately below the cartridge instantly in the playing position within the bin.

Intermediate plate 112 and the uppermost portion of post assembly 102 is the slide plate 97 which extends into bin 31 into the feed path of cart-ridges, as shoown in FIGURE 8, at all times except during a cartridge feeding cycle, cartridge reject or during an index or reference condition in which the machine is established when not in use or when the bin is to be loaded. Slide plate 97 has an elongated slot 114 through which post assembly 11i-2 projects. The slot isY dimensioned to permit retraction of slide plate 97 from the feed path of cartridges, as shown in FIGURE 9, under the influence of an actuating lever 115 to which plate $7 is pivotally connected and also to permit post assembly 162 to rotate relative to this plate.

Stop abutment 96 is a companion to abutment 95, exltending into the opposite wall of bin 31 and engaging shelf 3o of the cartridge to balance the eiect of abutment 95. A=butment 96, as represented most clearly in FIG- URE 7, is the return bend portion of generally U-shaped wire or rod which, at its opposite end, has a configuration to assist in effecting a mechanical connection to lever 113 which actuates lever 112, this connection permitting lever 113 concurrently to actuate both abutments a bias spring 117 urges the rod to introduce the end thereof through an aperture of bin 31.

The timed operation of the pair of abutments 95 and 96 in relation to abutment 101 is accomplished by a cam 121 amxed to the free end of a drive shaft 122 for rotation therewith. As shown in FIGURE 7, actuator 112 has a generally L-shaped configuration-with a cam following roller 123 rotatably supported at one end and terminating at its opposite end in an extension engaged by rod 95. Actuator 113 is slotted at 124 and a pin 125 secured to frame 63 projects through this slot. A spring 126 is anchored to pin 12S and to a finger 127 of the actuator to urge the actuator generally in the direction of bin 31. Displacement of the pin in that direction, as permitted .by slot 124, rotates lever 112 in a coun-terclockwise direction because of its pivotal engagement with the actuator and concurrently displaces rod 96 to retract its free end from its normal position within the bin.

Actuator 115 of slide plate 97 is pivoted to a pin 12S also extending from frame plate 63. A spring 1311 eX- tending between the actuator and a stationary bracket Vurges the actuator in a counterclockwise direction to introduce the free end of slide plate 97 into the cartridge feed path. Actuator 1.15 may be rotated in a clockwise direction to retract slide plate 97 from the bin by means of a pair of pins 132 and 133 which depend from the lower surface of` cam 121.

At the start of a cartridge change cycle, slide plate 97 Vand stop abutments 95, 161 and 96 have the relativeV Va position represented in FGURE 8. As the apparatus enters the cartridge change cycle, cam 121 rotates in a counterclockwise direction and presents pin 132 to lever 115, withdrawing plate 97 from the feed path of the cartridges. Directly. thereafter, the low sector of the cam is presented to cam follower 123 which then permits spring 177 to slide actuator 113 in the direction of bin 31. This causes oscillation of post assembly 162, rotating stop abutment out of the feed path of cartridges but introducing stop abutment 191 into that path at a point below the cartridge which has been at the playing level or position in the bin. At the same time, displacement of actuator 112 retracts stop abutment 96 and the com- "ator remains withdrawn after the cartridge feed cycle is completed.

Before leaving this general area of the apparatus, it is appropriate to point out that the actuation of slide plate 97 occurs once in each cycle of cam 121 and the plate remains withdrawn during what may be referred to as the index or reference position and the cartridge change or escape position ofthe apparatus. It is the index position in which the apparatus stops in response to automatic shut-off to be considered hereinafter and the retraction of slide plate 37 is necessary in order that cartridges Ymay be loaded into the bin as previously explained.

T alte-up arrangement In order to transcribe a tape established at the playing position within bin 31, a take-up mechanism draws the tape along a path wherein it is presented in magnetic coupling relation to transcribing head 33. This is the requirement for both reproducing a program previously recorded on the tape of the cartridge and for recording a program on a tape fed from the cartridge. For convenience, however, reproducing alone will be considered.

The take-up mechanism comprises a reel 32 which has -a hub 134 having a at section 135 as shown in FIGURE l. A exible leader 136 is amxed to the hub at one end and terminates at its opposite end in -a coupling 137 which has been referred to above as an extractor. The detail view of FIGURE l() shows Iabout. the coupler terminates in a formed section which may slide into the bifurcated coupling termination 51 of tape carried by any cartridge. The rlat section 135 of the take-up reel hub is arranged in conjunction with the length of its leader 136 that, as the leader is coiled about hub 134, coupler 137 is disposed at the flattened section of the hub as shown in FIGURE l. It has been found that this permits winding convolutions of a program tape thereover in a nearly circularly symmetrical pattern.

. tape groove formed at the terminal portion of a magnetic transducer or head 33, mounted on an adjustably positionable bracket 39, and between a tape guide 144 and cooperating pressure pad 145 leading to a housing 146 secured to deck 63 contiguous to that portion of storage bin 31 where coupler 51 of a cartridge in playing position is accessible as `shown more clearly in FIGURE l0.

The threading ot the tape leader along this path may be accomplished before the instrument is released to the custome In normal use of the instrument thereafter, the take-up leader 136 remains properly disposed along this path relieving the user from the annoyance of threading which is characteristic of many prior tape decks.

Reference is made to FGURE l which shows the structural details of housing It has a channelway 147 cnt out of a bloc.' 151 .in a dared opening facing take-up reel 32 Iand leading directly to an aperture in the contiguous side wall of storage bin 31. The level of channel 147 corresponds to the cartridge playing level of bin 31. The channel is dimensioned to freely accept extractor 137 which, in its home or rest position, is disposed at the end of channel 147 projecting into bin 31 in vertical alignment with the position assumed .by coupler 51 of a cartridge in the bin.

Obviously, in loading cartridges into the bin as indicated above, the proper orientation of the cartridge permits the coupling termination 51 of the cartridge to slide or thread over the complementary termination of extractor 137 as indicated in FIGURE which shows the position of a cartridge having just passed over extractor 137 during loading. The alignment of extractor 137 with the cartridge couplers 51 assures that sequential positioning of the cartridges at the playing level, as described above, introduces the termination of extractor 137 into complete coupling relation with tape termination 51 to establish a iirrn coupling connection therebetween. To insure proper alignment between elements 137, 51 a rib 153 and rib 94 are respectively mounted on housing 146 below and above the channel 147. These ribs are positioned to orient the coupler 51 of each cartridge prior to its reaching the playing level.

Entrance of extractor 51 into housing 146 and its assuming its rest position shown in FIGURE l0 is relied upon to time part of the programming of the transport operating cycle. To that end a switch operator is incorporated into housing 146, comprising a plate 152 pivotally supported on the top surface of block 151 and urged in a clockwise direction by a spring 154. A tapered fing-er 155 depends from the undersurface of the plate, passing through a vertical channel 156 into channel 147 to be displaced therefrom as extractor 137 assumes its rest position. A switch operator or pin 157 lits loosely within a second vertically disposed channel 158 of block 151 and rests loosely upon the movable resilient contact of a double switch pair 151, 162 positioned on the undersurface of deck 63 directly beneath housing 1de as shown in FIGURE 11. The connection between plate 152 and pin 157 is established through a screw 163 threaded through an opening in the plate into alignment with pin 157. rthrough this construction one may conveniently adjust the actuation of the switch in response to movement of plate 152.

When extractor 137 is in any positon other than that shown in FIGURE 1G, plate 152 responds to spring 154. and depresses pin 157 to open switch pair 151, 162. However, as extractor 51 assumes the position shown in EGURE l0, `at the end of a rewind operation, plate 152 is displaced in a connterclockwise direction permitting the resilient switch blades of contact pairs 161, 162 to move vertically upward and close circuits which respectively advance the programming cycle and indicate that a portion of the reset operation has been completed as explained hereinafter.

Driving Mechanism As in any winding and reeling apparatus, the tape may be paid off one reel and taken up by the other through the simple expedient of driving that reel which serves at the moment as the take-up reel. Since the apparatus contemplates the use of one take-up reel 32 in conjunction with any of a number of cartridges stored in bin 31, it is necessary to provide a driving mechanism for selectively rotating reel 32 for the play of the cartridge instantaneously at the playing level in the storage bin. Reel 32 is driven by a motor 164, see FIGURE 11, having a driving l@ shaft 141 to which the reel is mechanically coupled through any suitable means. A similar motor 165 may drive the spindle assembly t3 of the storage bin through a clutch Si) which is represented in FIGURE 4. The clutch permits positive drive -rom motor 165 to the spindle drive shaft 77 or a frictional drive therebetween.

The clutch assembly comprises a driving portion 166 having driving teeth 167 on the surface facing the spindle assembly. The driving element is rubber or other material having a high coeicient of friction. The driven part of the clutch comprises a casing 81 which encloses driver 165 and has on the surface facing the driver complementary teeth through which a positive driving connection may be established between the driving and driven elements. Spring S2 urges these teeth into engagement. The dimensions of driven portion 81 are such as to frictionally engage driving element 166 at its periphery as well as its face 153 although normally the driving element is positioned, as shown in FIGURE 4, to effect mating engagement of the teeth of the clutch with a separation betw e.

riven member S1. A

surface 15S and the end cap of pivoted lever 2711 having a bifurcated termination 171 engages a reduced diameter section of the driven part or" th lutch and may be raised to separate the mating engagement of the teeth in the driving and driven portions of the clutch to have only a frictional engagement of the clutch members. The desirability of converting from positive to friction drive through the clutch will be made clear hereinafter in a discussion of resetting the instrument in the face of breakage of the tape.

The terminal portion of spindle shaft 77 to which driven clutch element 81 is to connect is attened to be received by a rectangular shaped aperture in the drivenv clutch portion to assure a solid driving connection therebetween. The same type of connection is employed at the other end of spindle 77 where it connects with cap 85.

Driving of the tape along its path through the selective energization of motors 164 and 165 is appropriate in the initial portion of a transcribing cycle, for search purposes and also for rewind, but it is desired that a more renely controlled drive be established for the tape during transcription and that is the function of capstan 1413 and its companion roller 143. Capstan 142 is driven by an induction motor 172 which appears in FIGURE 1l. The driving shaft 173 of the motor engages an idler wheel 174 secured to the capstan shaft 175. The end of that shaft remote from the capstan carries a iy wheel 176 for the purpose of minimizing wow and llutter attributable to short term variations in the speed of motor 172.

Driving engagement of the tape with capstan 142 is accomplished oy pressure roller 1113 rotatably supported on a bell crank 177 which is pivoted on a post 178 projecting from deck 63 as shown in FIGURE 1. Since it is desirable to have selective drive of the tape through the agency of capstan 14E-2, this bell crank carries a roller 181 functioning as a follower of cam 121. The bell crank further has a cam section 188ab through which a bias spring 132 urges the bell crank in a clockwise direction to move roller 143 into engagement with capstan 142. To this end, a roller 136, supported on a slide plate 183, transmits the force of spring 182 to the bell crank. Plate 183 has a pair of slots which receive pins 184 and 185 secured to deck 63. The pin and slot arrangement guides the movement of the slide plate. Spring 182 is anchored at one end to pin 185 and at the other to the pin on which a roller 186 is supported. During operating intervals in which the large radius section of cam 121 bears against roller 181, roller 143 is held free of the tape and the capstan has no driving effect but when the low radial section of the cam is presented to the roller, as illustrated in FIGURE l, the bell crank yields to the bias of spring 182 and applies pressure roller 143 against the tape to render capstan 142 effective to feed the tape from a cartridge at the playing position in bin 31 to take-np reel 32. The cam edge of lever 177 comprises first and second 1 1 curved portions 18S@ and 183i), respectively, the first being of greater curvature than the second. It is essential that roller 143 firmly press the tape into engagement with the capstan to effect a good driving connection. How- Vever, if the ultimate driving pressure desired is applied It is most desirable that there be efficient magnetic coupling between the tape and transcribing head 33 and this results from having a well-defined path of travel of the tape past the head. The path is defined by the capstan and pressure roller on one side of the transcribing head and guide 144 and pressure pad 145 at the opposite side. Since coupling of the head to the tape is of importance essentially only during intervals in which the tape is subject to the driving eect of capstan 142, it is arranged that pressure pad 145 assume its operating position only when pressure roller 143 is effective.

The pad 145 is supported on a bell crank 189 which is also pivoted to post 178. Mounted to one end of the crank is a roller follower 198 which is positioned adjacent a cam 190. This cam is identical in configuration to cam 121 and'is concentrically mounted about shaft 122 in uniform alignment with cam 121. The pad 145 is biased into engagement with the tape by the action of a spring 199 coupled between the mounting surface 63 and crank 189. The pad 145 is moved to its operating position by spring 199 when follower 198 reaches the small radius portion of cam 190 and is withdrawn from this position when follower 198 reaches the large radius of the cam. This occurs in timed sequence with the positioning of bell crank 177.

A braking mechanism shown in FIGURES 11 and l2 is provided as a safety `feature to prevent tape from spilling, that is to say being fed out in an uncontrolled fashion, in the event that power to the apparatus is interrupted during the normal play or rewind operation of the tape deck. The brake arrangement includes a solenoid 187 having a core 191 movable in a particular direction when the solenoid is energized. A coil spring 192 within the solenoid biases the core in the opposite direction. One end of the core is aixed to the ends of a pair of cables 193 and 194. Several convolutions of brake cable 193 are wound about a pulley 195 at the end of drive shaft-141 of motor 164 and the free end of that cable is anchored to the frame of the machine. In similar fashion, cable 194 makes several turns about a pulley 196 on the end of drive shaft 197 of motor 165 and is then anchored to the frame of the machine.

During normal operation of the machine, solenoid 137 is energized and its core 191 moves to a position such that the convolutions of brake cables 193, 194 are loosened about their respective pulleys 195 and 196. In other words, the brake is not applied and there is no unnecessary load placed on the driving system of the reels. If the power should be interrupted, the solenoid becomes de-energized and spring 192 moves core 191 to a position which applies tension to cables 193 and 164. This places a strong braking force on the one of the two motors which is being in effect driven at that particular instant.

For example, if it be assumed that the tape is being played out of a cartridge and being wound on take-up reel 32, the cartridge hub is in effect a driven member which rotates n a clockwise direction along with pulley 196. De-energization of the solenoid in conjunction with the rotation of brake pulley 195 causes cable 194 to tighten sharply against brake pulley 195 and stop further rota- 12 tion of the hub of the supply cartridge. When the hub stops rotating, the tape can no longer be paid out and therefore the movement of the take-up mechanism is likewise brought to a halt.

Conversely, if the machine should be in rewind at the time of a power failure, pulley 195 will be rotating in a counterclockwise direction. The downward movement of core 191 under the iniiuence of spring 192 in conjunction with the rotation of pulley 195 sharply tightens brake cable 193 around pulley 195 to arrest further rotation of take-up reel 32.

The driven shaft in each case rotates in a particular direction and the brake cable is wound about the pulley on that shaft in the same direction. The brake cables are aixed to the solenoid core 191 so that the nuence of spring 192 on the core tightens the cable on the pulley of the driven shaft. If this condition is satisfied, a power failure causes the driven pulley to pull against the anchored end of its brake cable which tends quickly to stop further rotation. This condition is established with the cable wound in the direction indicated in FIGURE 1l for both the play and rewind operations.

S enszng system Inasmuch as the tape deck is a fully automatic instrument having complex functions to be performed in proper relation to one another, it is necessary to provide a programming arrangement to time the sequence of functions to be accomplished in any operating cycle. For that reason the instrument includes a sensing mechanism that is both reliable and accurate in its operation. It is designated 201 and is illustrated in FIGURES 11, 13-15, inclusive. The sensing system employs the principle that when a tape has been completely played, take-up reel 32 must have executed the same number of revolutions as the hub of the cartridge from which the tape has been paid out, irrespective of the length of the tape. The mechanism to be described has the attractive attribute that its function is dependent on the turns or revolutions of the reels and is independent of the thickness of the tape.

The sensing system comprises a pair of carriages 202 and 203 and a family of contact pairs which operate in accordance with the relative positions of these carriages. Their relative position is controlled by the cartridge from which the tape issues and by the take-up reel. Carriage 202 is supported on a threaded shaft 204 which is directly driven through a pair of gears 205 and 206 from drive shaft 141 of take-up reel 32. A partially threaded block 207 is mounted within the housing of carriage 202 and is apertured so that shaft 204 may pass therethrough. A spring 208 biases the block upwardly in order that it may engage the threads of shaft 204 to the end that rotation of the shaft effects longitudinal movement of the carriage in a direction determined by the direction of rotation of the shaft. A finger 211, in the form of an extension of plate 207, projects through an opening in carriage 202 for a reason to be made clear hereafter.

In like fashion, carriage 203 accommodates a thin plate 212 through which a shaft 213 extends, this shaft being driven from the driving shaft of motor through mating gears 214 and 215. A spring urges plate 212 into'engagement with the threads of shaft 213 so that carriage 203 may be displaced by rotation of this shaft.

The described coupling of each shaft 214 and 215 to the carriages 202 and 203, respectively, may yield so that either shaft is permitted to rotate even though the carriage which it drives may have achieved the limit of its travel.

The contact pairs to be operated in response to move* ment ofcarriages202 and 203 include a pair 216 sup` ported from the frame of the instrument and positioned to be engaged and operated by a cam surface 217 framed on the lower portion of carriage 203. The frame simi-- larly supports Contact pair 21S which is positioned to be engaged and actuated by a finger 221 projecting `from the side of housing 293. Carriage 293 itself supports a contact pair 222 and a contact pair 223 the latter which may be actuated from projection 224 of carriage 202 when the two carriages have certain relative positions. A further contact pair 225 has as one element an eXtension of a blade of switch 222 supported on carriage 203 and, as its other element, a switch member secured to carriage 292. The closing of contact 225 simultaneously causes the opening of switch 222. A double contact pair 226 and 227 are also positioned on carriage 233 and are actuated by a lever 22S which is pivotally mounted to carriage 263. Lever 228 in turn is rotated by a finger 231 which is mounted on carriage 292. Contact pairs 226, 227, lever 228 and nger 231 cooperate to provide a safety device when the search control is activated and the carriages reach their permissible limits of travel. The circuits connected to the several switches are represented in FlGURE 16 and will be described subsequently; suice it here to consider only the operation of the contact pairs with the function resulting from their actuation.

The operation of the sensing system will be described with reference to FIGURES 12a, b and c. The condition represented in FIGURE 13a may be thought of as the starting condition, that is to say, it illustrates the relative positions of carriages 292 and 293 when a cartridge Sii is in position at the playing level Within bin 31 and is mechanically connected with take-up reel 32 through the coupling engagement of cartridge termination $1 and extractor 137 within housing 146. Contact pairs 225, 216 and 223 are closed but contact pairs 222 and 218 are open.

When the instrument is turned on by actuation of a start or play button 232, motor 154 is energized and drives take-up reel 32. Motor 16S is de-energized and the cartridge constitutes a load on the take-up system. While the hubs of take-up reel 32 and the tape supply cartridges 3i? have the same diameters, reel 32 initially rotates rapidly compared with the reel of cartridge 30 which, at this juncture, bears all of the program tape and therefore has a much larger effective diameter. As a consequence, shaft 21M is driven much faster than shaft 213 and carriage 262 moves to the right along its shaft more quickly than the movement of carriage 23 in the same direction along its shaft.

After an initial winding step, in which extractor 51 is drawn from housing 146 past capstan 142 and its pressure roller 143, carriage 292 will have advanced sumciently from carriage 293 to rst `open contact pair 225 and then permit contact pair 222 to close. This is shown in FIG- URE 13b where it is also apparent that switch pair 21S has closed while switch pair 216 has opened but these switch pairs are not effective in this part of the cycle.

Closure of switch pair 222 results in the actuation of cam 121 through which capstan 142 is brought into driving engagement with the program tape to control the feed of the tape and thereafter from cartridge 30 to take-up reel 32. This is known as the play mode whereas the first described condition may be referred to as the start mode. During the play mode, even though the tape feed is controlled by capstan 142 motor 164 remains sutiiciently energized to drive take-up reel 32 and accept the tape as it is fed by the capstan.

While take-up reel 32 and shaft 294 initially rotate rapidly relative to the hub of cartridge dil and shaft 213, their speed differential decreases during the play of the cartridge tape because the effective diameter of the hub of the take-up reel increases with each convolution of the tape wound thereon. When the reels have the same effective diameter, shafts 284 and 213 rotate at the same speed and for this transient condition there is no relative movement of carriages 2&2 and 263. Immediately thereafter, however, the take-up reel obtains the larger effective diameter and shaft 213 commences to rotate more rapidly than shaft 204. Near the end of the transcription the relative speeds of shafts 2% and 213 will have been reversed from their initial conditions and carriage 2433 will have started its movement t-o the right at a faster rate than carriage 292; it will have commenced to overtake the latter 'and when the take-up reel has made exactly the same number of turns as the hub of the cartridge wheel, switch 225 will have been closed as indicated in FGURE. 13C. Closure of this contact lpair effects further incremental displacement of cam 121 raising roller 143 to disable the capstan drive, raising pressure pad and initiating the rewind portion of the cycle by energizing motor and de-energizing or, if desired, effecting a braking action with motor 164. During rewind, carriages 2132 and 263 move to the left and return to the initial position of FlGURE 13a.

When all but a few turns of tape have been rewound onto cartridge 30, carriage 203 in approaching the position of FIGURE 13a causes its cam section 217 to close contact pair 216. Closure of these contacts causes a further incremental displacement of cam 121 and establishes a slow rewind. In other words, the rewind is carried out for most of the tape at a very high speed but when contact pair 216 is closed, the rewind continues at a very much reduced speed to prevent coupler 137 and extractor 51 from damaging the cartridge and housing 146 `as they return to the starting position.

As explained above in describing the take-up mechanism, homing of extractor 137 within housing 14e permits switch operator 157 to close contact pair 161 to initiate rotation of cam 121 and execute the aforedescribed cartridge change cycle. The rotation of cam 121 continues, so long as there remains a cartridge in bin 31 to be played, and places the instrument back in its start position s-o that the cycle may be repeated. After the last cartridge in the bin has been played and been rewound, the cartridge change cycle is interrupted and an automatic shut off is accomplished in the manner to be described subsequently.

Overall operation To operate the tape deck, one or more cartridges are loaded into bin 31. Their loading Orients each cartridge so that the one which is instantaneously at the playing position is in mechanical coupling engagement with the take-up arrangement as required for transcription. To start a transcription, the on-off switch 233 is adjusted to its on position and play button 232 is depressed. This places the instrument in its start mode in which take-up reel 32 is driven to present the program tape to the transcribing head 33. After the coupling elements 137 and 51 have cleared capstan 142 and its pressure roller 163, the drive is transferred through the inuence of programming cam 121 to the capstan 142. At this time the instrument is in its play mode as shown in FIG- URE l and indicated by arrow 234 positioned adjacent cam 121 and the tape is transcribed. When the tape has been fully transcribed, programming cams 121 and 19t? in conjunction with associated electrical circuitry eX- plained more fully hereinafter place the instrument in its rewind condition and the tape is rewound into the cartridge at a very fast rate. Near the completion of the rewind function, cams 121 and 199 and their associated switch circuitry initiate a slow rewind for the final part of that function. When this function has been cornpleted, cams 121 and 19@ rotate to actuate the cartridge feed mechanism 3S and to re-establish the start conditions so that the next cartridge contained in the bin may be played.

This process is repeated until every cartridge contained in bin 31 has been transcribed. As each cartridge is moved into the playing position within the bin, it is automatically coupled to the take-up mechanism because of the alignment of its coupling termination 51 with extractor 137 when the latter is in its home position within housing 11i-6 where it is returned after the completion of each transcription. After the play of the final cartridge, the machine enters its automatic shut-olf condition.

Automatic shut-015E While it is desirable automatically to shut olf the transport mechanism after the final cartridge stored in bin 31 has been played, in order -to describe the shut-ofic mechanism it is necessary rst to understand a lock up linkage associated with play button 232.

Iay button 232 is a push button actuator for a switch 23S mounted to the frame of the deck as shown in FIG- URE 1l. The push button is supported for vertical displacement and is urged upwardly by a spring 236. A locking plate 237, which is slideably supported on the top surface of deck 63 as seen in FIGURE 1, is urged toward switch actuator 232 by a spring 238. As the play button 232 is depressed, lock plate 237 slides `over a shoulder portion thereof and locks the switch in its operated position as indicated in FIGURE 1l. To accomplish automatic shut-off, it is necessary to slide plate 237 to the left, as viewed in FIGURES 1 and 11, which permits spring 236 to return play button 232 to its off position. The mechanism for achieving this shut-off will now be considered.

A bell crank 241 is pivotally mounted on the top surface of deck 63 by a pin 242 and has a cam following termination which may be displaced by a pin 249 positioned between programming cams 121 and i90. At its opposite extremity, the lever has a hook shaped termination 243 and the lever is normally biased in a counterclockwise direction by a spring 244 but its displacement in that direction is limited by a stop 245.

Cooperating with lever 241 is a pivoted lever 'i5 supported on a pivot piu 246 and biased in the direction of bin 31 by a spring 247. Its movement in that direction is limited by engagement of one end of lever 75 with the side of the bin. Intermediate this termination of llever 75 and pivot 246 is a cam surface 24S disposed in the path of pin 63 which extends from platform 64 within the bin. At its opposite end, lever 75 carries an upstanding pin 251 which may be engaged by the hook termination 243 of lever 241 although, under normal circumstances, their relative position is such that they do not engage one another.

So long as cartridges are stored in bin 31 to be played by the machine, the operating cycle proceeds as described above and in each such cycle the cartridge feed mechanism 3S is actuated to advance another cartridge into the playing position. In the cartridge feed cycle immediately succeeding the play of the lowermost cartridge in the bin, pin 63 abuts cam'surface 248 and rotates pin 75 against the influence of spring 247, moving the lever in a counterclockwise direction. Immediately thereafter, the pin 249 of programming cams 121 and 196 engages and displaces lever 241 in a clockwise direction about its pin 242. This displacement of lever 2431 occurs after each cartridge feed cycle and displaces hook 243 in a direction to engage pin 251. Their engagement is only possible, however, after lever 75 has been actuated'by pin 68, moving lever 75 to the dotted line position shown in FIGURE 1 and introducing its pin 251 into the path of movement of the hook 243. Engagement of this hook with pin 251 permits lever 241 to dispiace slide plate 237 to the left as viewed in FIG- URE l, releasing switch button 232 so that its spring 236 may return the button to its off position and shut off the machine at least so far as its programming circuitry is concerned.

Search The machine, by preference, employs a tape adapted for a relatively slow transcription speed. For` example, it has been proposed that the tape be driven at the speed of 1% i.p.s. as distinguished from the 3% i.p.s. speed of other known devices. The advantages of the slower tape `speed are obvious in reducing the size of the cartridge for a given playing time. Where the machine does employ a slow transport speed, however, the user benefits from a search feature which permits the tape to be moved rapidly in either direction to locate some particular part of the program material contained thereon. Such a feature has been provided in the apparatus represented in the drawings.

The search control 252 is shown in FIGURES l and 7. It is a generally heart-shaped cam mounted for rotation on a post extending from deck 63. A cam following roller 253 is presented to this cam and is carried on a slide plate 254. The free end of the slide plate supports a pin 255 which couples the slide plate to bell cranks 177. When slideV plate 254 is moved in the direction of cam 121, bell crank 177 is moved against the action of spring 132 and lever 189 is moved against the action of spring 199. This moves both pressure roller 143 and pressure pad 145 from their operative positions. This is desirable because the search takes place at a speed much faster than that attained through capstan 142 and therefore the capstan drive is disabled during searching. Intermediate its ends, slide plate 254 has a slot 256 which may receive a pin 257 depending downwardly from a lever 258 pivoted to a` post 261 on the deck. The opposite end of lever 25S overlies an enlarged portion of the shaft which terminates in play button 232 to permit pin 257 to lock with slot 256 in response to the releasing of play button 232 when the search control is rotated. A spring 262 encloses a depending projection 263 of lever 25S and urges the lever in a counterclockwise direction about its pivot. The slot and pin arrangement is shown more clearly in FIGURE 7.

It is appropriate to release play button 232 during any operating interval in which the search control is to be effective and accordingly cam 2&4 has a cutaway cam section 265 against which rides a cam following roller 266 which projects upwardly from slide plate 237.

The normal position of Search control 252 is that represented in FIGURE 1. Roller 266 here engages the central portion of cam track 265 and interferes in no way with the described operation of play button 232 in turning the transport mechanism on and off. After the mechanism has been turned on by depressing play button 232, the search control may take over by rotating the control clockwise and counterclockwise depending upon the desire to search in a forward or backward direction on the tape. Displacement of the search control from the position shown results in cam section 265 displacing slide plate 237 by its influence upon cam following roller 266. This releases the locking plate from push button 232 and causes the push button to return to its olf position.

Concurrently, a high portion of cam 264 is presented to cam follower 253 to displace slide bar 254 along with a set of pins 2%9, 21 mounted thereon in the direction of program cam 121. This causes pressure roller 15:3 and pressure pad 145 to be moved away from the tape in order that the tape may pass freely along its path Without any interference from the capstan or the guide M2, 144. The pressure roller 143 and pressure pad 145 are retained in this position because the movement of the slide bar which displaced these elements resulted in pin 261 dropping into locking engagement with slot 256 of the slide bar, being helped in this movement by the elTe'ct of the spring 252 which pivots lever 25S about its pivot 261.

Moreover, at the same time play button 232 is released and pressure roller 143 is removed from its operative position, a high speed energizing circuit is completed selectively to reel motors 154 or 165 depending upon the direction of Search that is desired. After the tape has been wound to present a preselected portion to the transcribing head 33, search control 252 is returned to its normal position represented in FIGURE 1. The machine is now in a quiescent condition and the tape may be transcribed by depressing play button 232. The button engages lever 258 and rotates it in a clockwise direction to release the locking engagement of pin 257 and slot 256. Also, slide plate 237 returns to its locking engagement to hold the play button in its on position and transcription then proceeds in the normal way.

Reject During the play of any given tape, the user may elect to discontinue the transcription and reject that particular cartridge from the playing position within bin 31. This is accomplished by a reject button 267 which appears in FIGURE 1. When the reject button is depressed, a circuit is completed which is essentially the same as that which initiates rewind after a tape has been completely transcribed. It puts the apparatus into rewind in which the tape is rewound upon its cartridge and then ejected in the usual manner of the cartridge change cycle.

Reset mechanism Provision is made both to interrupt the normal playing cycle of the instrument and to permit its being properly reset in the event that a tape should `break during transcription. If the tape should break while take-up reel 32 Iis being driven, carriage 262 will continue its movement toward the take-up reel but movement of carriage 293 will stop. As the carriage separation exceeds the normal permissible amount, actuator 224 of carriage 202 open normally closed contact pair 223 supported by carriage 263. This de-energizes the tape deck and interrupts its normal cycle. After the tape has been repaired or spliced, it is necessary to reset carriages 202 and 293 to their normal relative positions before starting the instrument anew on its operating cycle. This is the function of the reset mechanism.

As represented in FGURE 14, there is a reset button 268 accessible on the top of deck 63 in the region between lever 241 and search control 252. It is in effect a switch operator which controls the reset circuitry by actuation of a switch 277. A spring 279 normally biases the reset button to its switch-open position. The switch operator has a depending portion 271 with a struck out member 272 and terminates in a horizontally disposed shoe 273 positioned in parallel relation to shaft 264. Normally, shoe 273 is clear of carriage 2112 and its extending projection 207 but when reset 268 has been depressed, the shoe is lowered to engage projection 267 and depress it against the urging of springs 208, shown in FIGURE l5, with the end result of interrupting the mechanical coupling between carriage 202 and shaft 204. Projection 272 of the reset overlies a lever 274 which pivots about a shaft 275. The opposite end of the lever has a bifurcated termination 171 that is received in a reduced diameter portion of driven clutch element 81 of FIGURE 4 as previously explained. Rotation of clutch lever 274 about its pivot shaft in response to actuation of reset 263 separates the normally mating teeth of the driver and driven portions of clutch 80 so that these clutch elements have then only a frictional engagement. Finally, a hairpin type spring 276 is bridged between carriages 202 and 203 and tends to urge them together. To facilitate mounting this spring in a horizontal plane, carriage 263 may have a vertical emension `suitably apertured so that shaft 294 may freely rotate therein as indicated in FIGURE 15.

To accomplish reset, reset button 268 is depressed and is held actuated. As a consequence, clutch lever 274 is displaced to convert the drive of the hub of the cartridge instantaneously in the playing position of bin 31 from positive to a friction drive. Also, shoe 273 releases the coupling of housing 2192 to shaft 204, permitting spring 276 to displace housing 262 toward the vertical extension of housing 203. At the same time, switch 277 is operated and motor 165 alone is energized. The cartridge hub is driven from this motor to rewind the tape into the cartridge. Of course, shaft 213 is simultaneously driven and moves carriage 2a23 toward its starting position and carriage 2112 follows along because of the coupling afforded by spring 276. This continues until either of two conditions is reached: either the carriages return to their starting positions before the tape is completely Wound or the tape is wound onto the cartridge before the carriages reach home.

If the carriages return to their start position iirst, drive plate 212 of carriage 203 yields since it is only spring urged against the threads of shaft 213 and therefore the continued driving of the carriage hub causes no damage to the sensing mechanism. Ultimately, as the tape is fully restored, extractor 51 enters housing 146 to operate switch pair 161 and de-energize motor 165.

For the other condition that may be established, clutch 36 slips and prevents damage to the tape and its cartridge during the period in which the continued driving effect of motor 165 is used solely to restore carriages 2112 and 2133 fully to their starting positions. When these positions have been attained, switch pair 218 is opened by switch operator 221 of carriage 263 to de-energize motor 165.

When the reset has been accomplished, the machine has ejected the cartridge containing the repaired tape and is ready to execute its next normal cycle of operation.

Control circuitry The transport device operates from a conventional volt alternating current source as shown in FIGURE 16. The switch 233 is connected in an A.C. power line input circuit and serves as the main power switch. The solenoid 137 which controls the safety brake and prevents tape from spilling in the event of a power failure is connected across the AC. line immediately after switch 233 along with a voltage reducing transformer 27 8. rThe low voltage output of transformer 273 is connected to a rectifying device 281 which provides a source of direct current (D.C.) voltage.

The capstan motor 172 is electrically connected to power switch 233 by way of normally closed contact pair 223 associated with the sensing device and reset mechanism for use in conjunction with the broken-tape safety feature. The capstan motor thus is normally directly controlled by switch 233.

As previously explained, cams 121 and 196 control a majority of the levers and linkages which, in turn, control the operation of the device. A driving mechanism is needed to both position the cams and simultaneously activate electrical circuitry which must cooperate with the cam to electrically control the tape transport operation. As shown in FiGURE 7, cams 121 and 7.9@ are fastened to one end of a drive shaft 122 which is driven through a reduction gear assembly mounted to the underside of decl: 63. The other end of drive shaft 122 passes through a multi-section wafer switch 282 which `is lirmly fastened to the underside of gear box 283. A program motor 284 is mounted to gear box 283 and its drive shaft 235 is coupled to the gear box to rotate shaft 122.

The program switch 282 is constructed of four wafers respectively designated as the carry-over wafer 286, the program motor wafer 287, the take-up motor wafer 288, and the cartridge motor wafer 289. Waters 236 and 287 cooperate to control the operation of program switch motor 284 while wafers 288 and 289 respectively control the take-up and cartridge motors. Each wafer is conventional in construction having a fixed outer segment carrying Contact points and a movable inner segment, usually referred to as a rotor, wmch may carry one or more circuit connectors. The rotors are mounted upon drive shaft 122 and simultaneously change positions along with cams 121, 19t) as shaft 122 rotates.

Each wafer has twelve discrete electrical positions With positions, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 respectively designated as the index, start, play, rewind, slow rewind and escape positions. In contrast, positions 2, 4, 6, 8, l and 12, are required transition positions necessary to bring about coordination of the mechanical and electrical functions of the programming system. This will be explained further hereinafter.

The operation of the program system may best be explained with reference to FIGURE 16 if it is assumed that cartridges are positioned within the bin and on-of switch 233 is in the closed position. The rotors of the four wafers are in their index position as shown. With cartridges in the bin, lock out contact pair 74 positioned along side the bin is closed. Depressing play button 232 closes the contacts of switch 235 and energizes the program motor with A.C. potential derived from the input by way of contact 1 of wafer 287. The energized program motor moves the rotors of all the waters to position 2. In this position wafer switch 287 is open but carry-over wafer 285 continues the A C. circuit ofthe program motor through its contact 2 and the motor remains energized luntil the rotors reach the start position 3. The energizing circuit for the program motor is now opened and the motor stops rotating.

In positions 1 and 2 wafers 288 and 239 respectively apply D.C. voltage to take-up and cartridge motors 164, 1'55. This prevents rotation of the take-up reel 32 so that extractor 137 remains in position within housing 145 u hen cartridges are being placed into or being fed upward from bin 31. It also prevents spindle 43 from rotating so that the cartridgesmay move freely within the bin. In position 3 full A.C. voltage is applied to take-up motor 164 while cartridge motor 165 continues to have D.C. voltage applied to it. Accordingly, the take-up reel withdraws tape from the cartridge very slowly due to the braking effect on the cartridge reel of the D.C. voltage applied to the cartridge motor.

After a predetermined length of tape has been wound on the tal-:e-up reel, contact pair 222 of the sensing mechanism 291 closes. This energizes program motor 2S4 through contact 3 of wafer switch 287 and contact 4 of carry-over wafer 28a continues this circuit until position 5, the play position, is reached.

In position 4 take-up motor 164 continues to be fully energized through take-up wafer 288 but in position 5 a low alternating current voltage is applied to it through contacts 291 of search switch 252 and a dropping resistor 292. In position 4 cartridge motor 165 still has the braking D.C. voltage; however, in position 5 this circuit is opened and no other circuit is complete to the cartridge motor. As shaft 122 rotates the rotors to the fourth and fifth positions, cams 121 and 191') move pressure roller 143 and pressure pad 145 to the position shown in FIG- URE 1. In this position, capstan 142 extracts the tape from the cartridge at the playing level and the low A.C. voltage applied to the take-up motor is suthcient to rotate the take-up reel to receive the tape as it leaves the capstan drive.

When the entire tape has been played, sensing system 21.51 closes contact pair 225 which completes an A.C. circuit through contact 5 of wafer 227 to the program motor to move the rotors to position 6. Contact 6 of carry-over wafer 286 continues this circuit to stop the rotors to position 7, the rewind position, where the circuit for the program motor is opened at Contact pair 215.

The 6th and 7th positions of Wafer switch 288 are on open circuit and the A.C. voltage supply to take-up motor 164 is removed. Cartridge motor 165 in turn receives full A.C. voltage through wafer 289 in positions 6 and 7. In moving the rotors from positions 5 to 7, shaft 122 concurrently rotates cams 121 and 191i to move pressure Lroller 143 andV pressure pad 145 away from capstan 142 and guide post 144, respectively. This allows the cartridge motor to wind the tape back into the cartridge at a fast rate with no diliiculty.

The high-speed rewind operation continues until all Vportion of the cartridge change cycle.

but a small predetermined amount of the Vtape has been returned to the cartridge. At this point contact pair 21o of sensing mechanism 291 is closed and completes a circuit to program motor 234 through contact 7 of program wafer 287. The program motor moves the rotors to position 8 and carry-over wafer 236 continues the circuit until the rotors reach position 9, the slow rewind position, where the program motor stops since contact pair 1t 1 is open.

In position 8 take-up wafer 283 applies a D.C. voltage from rectifier 231 to take-up motor 164 to momentarily stop the rotation of the take-up reel and thereby halt the rewind operation to prevent damage to the coupler and extractor. In position 9 a lower D.C. voltage is applied to take-up motor 164 through a dropping resistor 293 and wafer 28d. The cartridge wafer 289 continues to supply A.C. voltage to the cartridge motor in positions 8 and 9 thus the rewind operation resumes but at a much slower speed because of the loading effect of take-up motor 164.

When all of the tape has been returned to the cartridge, extractor 137 returns to its home position in housing 146. Switch pair 161 now closes and the program motor is energized through wafer 287. The wafers 286, 287 cooperate to continue energization of the program motor until the rotors have moved through positions 10, 11 and 12 to position 1.

in positions 1t), 1l, and 12 D.C. voltage is applied to take-up motor 164 through wafer 283 to prevent movement of the take-np reel. Cartridge wafer 239, however, makes no circuit to cartridge motor 165 in positions 10 and 12 but does not apply a D.C. voltage to the motor in position 11. This keeps spindle 43 from rotating during a In passing from position 9 to position l, cam 121 activates feed mechansm 38 which moves a new cartridge to the playing level if one remains to be played and the entire program cycle repeats. However, if no cartridges remain to be played, play button 232 will be released by the automatic shutott feature and the program motor willV stop in index position 1. The lock out switch contact pair '74 and the play switch contacts 235 are in series and both must be closed before the cycle can again be started. If the play button were not released, i.e. the contacts of switch 235 were not opened, the program motor would start as soon as platform 64 became depressed when new cartridges were being placed into the bin.

itis sometimes desirabie to interrupt the normal playing cycle of the tape and continue on to the next cartridge or'to turn the machine oft" before the last cartridge has been completely played. Reject button 257 is provided for this purpose and has its contact pair electrically connected in parallel with contact pair 225 of sensing device 201. As previously explained the closing of Contact pair 225 initiates a high-speed rewind operation. This same automatic rewind condition may be brought about at the users election by depressing reject button 257 when the machine is in the play condition. In all other modes of operation, reject control 267 is ineiective.

Reset button 265 is provided to reset or realign sensing mechanism 2111 in the event that the tape breaks during the transportation or" it. Should the tape break, normally closed contact pair 223 on carriage 293 will open as previously explained. Contacts 223 are in series with power switch 233 and, when opened, remove all power from most of vthe transport mechanism; however, transformer 27S and solenoid 1%7 still remain energized. Before the tape can be repaired, pressure roller 143 and pad 145 must be raised through the use of the search control 252. After the tape is repaired, reset switch 268 must be depressed to reset mechanism .2@1.

The reset switch energizes cartridge motor1-55 through normally closed switch Contact pairs 1%2 and 221 which are connected in parallel to the AC. source. For successful realignment or the sensing mechanism and return 2l of the repaired tape to the cartridge, button 268 must remain depressed until the cartridge motor stops and this will occur only when both switch contact pair 162 and 221 are open.

When the tape has been fully rewound into the cartridge, Contact pair L52 is opened by the homing of eX- tractor 137 in housing 45. Contact pair 221 opens when carriage 232 reaches its home position during the reset operation. vWhen both contact pairs leZ, 221 have been opened cartridge motor 155 is de-energized. AS an incident to the reset operation, cam l2t and the rotors or the wafer switches must be returned to position l to permit normal operation when the reset operation has been completed. Actually, the program mechanism automatically returns to the indeX position because sensing mechanism Ztl, in returning to its home position, actuates the same switch contacts as those closed during the regular rewind.

When the reset button is depressed, the control circuits from Wafer switches 288 and 289 to the take-up and cartridge motors are open; therefore, the potentials normally applied to these motors by such switches are not applied.

The Search switch control 252 permits moving the tape at a relatively high speed in either direction to search out a desired portion of the recorded program. The control circuitry of Search control 2:72 includes the twelve Contact wafer switch 2%. The rotor of the switch is made up or" two asymmetrical contact strips 29d and 295 which respectively apply appropriate voltages to the take-up and cartridge motors by way of switch 235 but only during intervals in which the rotors of the take-up and cartridge switches 233 and 289 are in the fifth position. rfhis is the only position through which the circuitry of search switch 2% may be extended to take-up and cartridge motors idd and Search control 252 may be moved to either a forward or a reverse search position and, in either case, play switch 235 is opened by the reiease of button 232 as previously described. The forward search corresponds to a displacement o the rotor or switch 2% in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in FIGURE 16 and reverse search corresponds to clockwise displacement oi that rotor. The rotor position for forward search causes circuit connections to be completed at both contacts designated FWD and the reverse search position completes a circuit involving both contacts designated REV It is apparent from inspection of FIGURE l5 that displacement of the search switch to either of these searching positions causes a temporary closure of the rotor with intermediate contacts designated 29o-299, inclusive.

As the search control is moved in the clockwise direction, the circuit from take-up motor is extended from contact 5 of switch 2&2, through rotor segment 2.?5, to Contact 29S through normally closed contact pair 226 to the AC. hns. Concurrently, the circuit extends from a parallel connection contact Z and contact 2%, rotor segment 2% and position 5 of switch 237 which connects with cartridge motor S. This applies full A.C. voltage manually to both motors to interrupt the normal movement of the tape. A similar circuit may be traced, involving contacts 297 and 2%9 as the search control is rotated counterclockwise to establish forward search. Consequently, normal tape movement is interrupted as search control 252 is displaced to establish fast tape movement for searching in either direction.

With the search switch displaced in a clockwise direction to the contact REV terminals, AC. voltage is applied to cartridge motor E155 through contact S of switch 289, rotor segment 295 and the upper one of the REV contacts of switch 291 which leads directly to the A C. supply. The other REV contact of switch 29E is on open circuit at contact pair 227' so that the take-up motor itt-6d is dre-energized. When the search in this direction as been completed, control 252 is returned to the position represented in FlGUR'rE 16. In this position both the cartridge and take-up motors 265 and loll are connected to the A C. supply through wafer switch 2555. and contacts on switch This oi course stops the tape movement until play button 232 is depressed to resume normal operation.

T o search in the forward direction, search control 252 is displaced in a counterclockwise direction and it connects with the terminals FW ln this condition takeup motor 164 is energized through terminal 5 of switch 288 and the upper one of the FWD contacts of switch 291. The circuit to cartridge motor E55, however, is interrupted since the other FWD Contact is on open circuit at contact pair 227. After the Search has been completed and the search control returned to the position indicated in FIGURE 16, motors i154 and i635 are again concurrently energized to stop tape movement.

Contact pairs 226 and 227 are safety devices which impose limits on the search function. These switch pairs aresupported by carriage 203 and are actuated by engagement with actuator 231 at opposite limits of the carriage travel. When actuated normally closed contact pair 22d is open to de-energize the motor through which the searching has been conducted and Contact pair 227 is closed to apply a D C. or braking potential to the other motor which, up to this instant, has been completely deenergized because contact pair 227 has been opened. This stops the search rapidly and `imposes limits for searching in both the forward and reverse directions. The play or rewind controls of the tape deck may then be used to return the instrument to one of its normal operating conditions or alternatively, the search control may be rotated to its other extreme position.

Conductors 301 leading from the pick-up or transcribing head 33 connect with an audio or other reproduction system of conventional construction. Since no claim of novelty is predicated on this signal reproducing circuitry, that circuit arrangement has not been shown.

The described transport mechanism may accommodate a group of cartridges of a single cartridge as the user desires and it avoids certain disadvantages over prior devices in that the user is not required to thread the tape through the instrument. The sensing mechanism in conjunction With the programming system permits the transport to be fully automatic in its play in one or more series of cartridges while reducing to a minimum the manipulative steps required of the user. A novel reset mechanism is used to return the sensing mechanism to a predetermined position in the event of a malfunction or the recorder such as would happen in the event of tape breakage. Additionally, a novel mechanism has been described for bringing the pressure roller into engagement with a capstan of relatively small diameter in such a manner so as to prevent damage to the capstan while also maintaining suliicient force to effect a good tape driving connection.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is apparent that changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the invention in its broader aspects. The aim of the appended claims, therefore, is to cover all such changes and modiiications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.

We claim:

l. Winding apparatus for transporting a continuous flexible tape from a first reel to a second reel comprising:

a deck for supporting said rst and second reels;

a capstan mounted on said deck for moving said tape along a predetermined path between said reels and at a predetermined speed;

a lever pivotally mounted to said deck having iirst and second cam portions;

a roller coupled to said lever having a rest position clear of said path and displaceable to an operating 23 24 position adjacent said path and in which it urges tape rotatably mounted on said lever and having a rest into driving engagement with said capstan; position in which said roller is spaced from said a rst post mounted to said deck; capstan but movable to an operating position in a plate having an elongated opening therein slidably which said roller is contiguous said capstan to elect positioned on said deck, said first post passing through transport of said tape by said capstan; said opening; and cam follower means cooperating with said rst cam a second post mounted on said plate; surface for moving said assembly from said rest a driver mounted on said plate for engagement with position toward said operating postion with a force said cam portions; of a irst magnitude and cooperating with said second and biasing means coupled between said rst and second cam surface for maintaining said assembly in its posts for engaging said driver with said lever along operating position under the inuence of a second said rst cam portion for moving said roller from force of a magnitude substantially greater than said rest position to said operating position and with said rst force whereby damage incident to moving said lever along said second cam portion for theresaid assembly from said rest position to said operatafter establishing and maintaining a predetermined ing position is prevented.

contact pressure of said roller against said tape and said capstan to effect a driving engagement there- References Cited by the Examiner 2 bletweel d f tr t t. UNITED STATES PATENTS n a ape recor er or ansporing a con lnuous flexible tape from a storage reel to a take-up reel, the 2725048 12/55 Cram 242- 55'12 improvement comprising: FOREIGN PATENTS a transport mechanism including a capstan for moving 1,044,822 6/53 France.

said tape between said reels; a pivotally supported lever having rst and second RUSSELL C, MADER, Primary Examiner.

cam portions; a pressure roller assembly comprising a pliant roller MERVIN STEIN Exammer' 

2. IN A TAPE RECORDER FOR TRANSPORTING A CONTINUOUS FLEXIBLE TAPE FROIM A STORAGE REEL TO A TAKE-UP REEL, THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING: A TRANSPORT MECHANISM INCLUDING A CAPSTAN FOR MOVING SAID TAPE BETWEEN SAID REELS; A PIVOTALLY SUPPORTED LEVER HAVING FIRST AND SECOND CAM PORTIONS; A PRSSURE ROLLER ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A PLIANT ROLLER ROTATABLY MOUNTED ON SAID LEVER AND HAVING A REST POSITION IN WHICH SAID ROLLER IS SPACED FROM SAID CAPSTAN BUT MOVABLE TO AN OPERATING POSITION IN WHICH SAID ROLLER IS CONTIGUOUS SAID CAPSTAN TO EFFECT TRANSPORT OF SAID TAPE BY AID CAPSTAN; AND CAM FOLLOWER MEANS COOPERATING WITH AID FIRST CAN SURFACE FOR MOVING SAID ASSEMBLY FORM SAID REST POSITION TOWARD SAID OPERATING POSITION WITH A FORCE OF A FIRST MAGNITUDE AND COOPERATING WITH SAID SECOND CAM SURFACE FOR MAINTAINING SAID ASSEMBLY IN ITS OPERATING POSITION UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF A SECOND FORCE OF A MIGNITUDE SUBSTANTIALLY GREATER THAN SAID FIRST FORCE WHEREBY DAMGE INCIDENT TO MOVING SAID ASSEMBLY FROM SAID REST POSITIN TO SAID OPERATING POSITION IS PREVENTED. 